ICOM 2017

ByJim
Grand Ballroom A
Chair: Baoxia Mi & Zhiping Lai
09:00-09:25 [O8.01]
Synthesis of graphene oxide membranes and their behavior in water and isopropanol
A. Aher*1, Y. Cai1, M. Majumder2, D. Bhattacharyya1
1University of Kentucky, USA, 2Monash University, Austria
09:25-09:50 [O8.02]
Carbon nanotube hollow fiber membranes
R. McGinnis*1, K. Reimund2, B. Freeman2, L. Xia3, J. McCutcheon3
1Angstrom Byakuren, USA, 2University of Texas, USA, 3University of Connecticut, USA
09:50-10:15 [O8.03]
Understanding the interlayer spacing and water properties in graphene oxide membranes
S. Zheng*1, J. Urban2, Q. Tu1, S. Li1, B. Mi1
1University of California, USA, 2Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, USA
10:15-10:40 [O8.04]
Positive/negative charge gated ion transport through amine functionalized graphene (AG) nanochannels
X.X. Song*1, C.Y. Tang2, C.J. Gao1
1Zhejiang University of Technology, China, 2The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

08.01

References

  • Large Area GO Nat Comm 2016
  • Chang RSC Adv 2016
  • Carbon 2017

Take Homes

  • Make 18 nm average pores 48 nm thick but thickness was variable
  • Many concerns about performance – flux declines quickly in water
  • Faster permeability in organic solvant – 100 LMH/bar ; 1 LMH/bar ~ .002 cm/min-bar
  • Concludes water is responsible for flux decline – even 5% water
  • Examined behavior in shear flow (Carbon 2017)
  • Bruce Hinds (sitting next to me) concurs – many problems. Selectivity quickly goes away.
  • All GO processes done on a PES or PCTE membranes support. Casted on these materials.

08.02

  • Company – Mattershift – Making commercial hollow fiber CNT membranes
  • Available for order this fall 1.1 nm pores 250 tubes per um2
  • 3-5 LMH/Bar water permeability
  • Trying to make a commercial platform platform. Max TMP 250 PSI. Max temp 150C. pH 0-14
  • Mechanism of alignment is a mystery and defies a decade of trouble doing this in academia

08.03

  • GO swelling in aqueous phase
  • Dry thickness is 0.8 nm but swelling thickness is not well understood (d-spacing)
  • After 30 minutes of wetting
  • Measured by x-ray diffraction
  • Built an ellipsometry (QCM-D) to address the need to measure thickness. Along with optical model.
  • GO Layers are cast on PES membranes. This is common.
  • Mass and thickness of GO letter grows with time in water reaching 100 nm at 120 nm hours; d-spacing goes to 6 nm
  • water later in GO channel 1.3 g/cm^3; graphene 1.6 g/cm^3
  • water in graphene channel is must faster than in GO channel
  • Thickenss changes in ionic strength  100 mM d-spacing is 2 nm membrane is 40 nm; in 0 mM dspacing is 6 nm membrane is 100 nm
  • Concludes significant Debye layer overlap
  • Larger ions have different effects.
  • Membranes should be modified by bonding the GO layers to each other in a non-aqueus environment
  • Lists ‘2D materials’ but all have thicknesses in 10s of nanometers
  • stability of membrane depends on its thickness. Very thick ~ 1 um is unstable.

08.04

  • Cites a paper by Nair in science 2012 where nanoparticles are used to control d-spacing for biological applications
  • zeta potetial of GO is steady negative 30 to 40 mV across a range of pH from 3 to 11
  • Did ArGo to make them positively charged
  • These guys are using PCTE membranes as template

08.05

  • Terrible speaker. Coolest thing I learned is that China has more salt lakes than any other country in the world and they would like to harvest Li from them.

08.06

  • GO for desalinization
  • Needs: keep divalent ion loads < 100 mg/ml
  • minimize biofouling with low-leve chlorination
  • Goals: increase cooling water cycles of concentration
  • But typic support polyamide is replace with GO for chloride tolerance
  • Sise elective molecular separation membranes require control of interlayer spacing
  • Layer-by-layer. Epoxy-encapsulated GO 0.6 – 1.0 nm j. Abraham et al., Nature Nano (2017)
  • 10 cents per square meter
  • Three key layers laminar graphene oxide, covalent linker molecules PES support. 500 700 nm.
  • Currently 2″ x 4″ membrane.
  • Collaborates with APS utility in Phoenix to desalniate. Got brackish water from them.
  • Initial permanence 10 – 11 LMH/bar. Stable values are 0.1 LMH/bar
  • Running at 100 – 250 PSI in cross flow experiments.
  • Selectivity is pressure dependent.
  • Thicknesses are 700 nm for first generation 0.1 – 0.2 LMH/bar
  • 50 – 120 nm 0.3 – 1.1 LMH/bar

08.07

  • Go is generally unstable in a water
  • Use AAO membrane to bind – Adv. Mater 2015 2:249-54
  • MoS2 can be used to make flakes. Nat. Nanotechnology 2011 3:147-150
  • Mass transport published Nano Letters 2017 17:2342-2348
14:00-14:25 [O8.09]
Nanoporous graphene membranes for organic solvent nanofiltration
S. Zhang*1,2, P. Kidambi1, L. Wang1, D. Jang1, R. Karnik1
1Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA, 2National University of Singapore, Singapore
14:25-14:50 [O8.10]
The benefits of being thin: Ultrathin silicon membranes 10 years later
J.L. McGrath*1, J.A. Roussie2, T.R. Gaborski3
1University of Rochester, USA, 2SiMPore Inc, USA, 3Rochester Institute of Technology, USA
14:50-15:15 [O8.11]
Growth of ultrathin and continuous metal-organic framework membranes for hydrogen separation
S.X. Zhang*1,2, F. Zhang1, J. Jin1
1Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, 2University of Science and Technology of China, China
15:15-15:40 [O8.12]
Polymer nanofilms with engineered microporosity by interfacial polymerisation for molecular separations in organic solvent
T.Y. Liu*, Q.L. Song, M.F. Jimenez-Solomon, M. Munoz-Ibanez, K.E. Jelfs, A.G. Livingston
Imperial College London, UK

 

08.09

  • Wang et al Nano Letter 2017 100 bar for graphene?
  • MIT (Hart – roll to roll graphene fabrication)

08.10

  • Ultrathin MOF membrane
  • Using SWCNT film for growth – interfacial polymerization. This was Mitch’s idea!
  • 100 m, 200 nm, 290 nm

At the evening poster session I learned that block-copolymer membranes are too expensive to be commercially successful. They are mostly polystyrene (PS) mixed with a more expensive monomer PMMA or PS derivative. The ratio makes a big difference in morphology and ~ 50% of the expensive derivative is needed to make the brilliant isoporous structures we’ve seen. Several papers in the poster session focused on trying to create similar morphologies with cheaper methods – results did not look promising.

Chair: Georges Belfort & Antoine Kemperman
08:30-08:55 [O3.17]
The critical zeta potential: How pH value and salt concentration impact membrane fouling
D. Breite*, M. Went, A. Prager, A. Schulze
Leibniz Institute of Surface Modification, Germany
08:55-09:20 [O3.18]
Kinetics and real time detection of silica scaling on RO membranes
Y. Cohen*, J. Thompson, A. Rahardianto
UCLA, USA
09:20-09:45 [O3.19]
Colloidal silica fouling mechanism in direct contact membrane distillation
S. Jeong*1,3, Y. Jang2, J.G. Lee1, L. Fortunato1, S. Lee2, A. Jang3, T. Leiknes1, N. Ghaffour1
1King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia, 2Kookmin University, Republic of Korea, 3Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea
09:45-10:10 [O3.20]
Prediction of RO flux decline caused by natural organic matters
T. Kawakatsu*, K. Hayakawa, A. Fujii
Kurita Water Industries Ltd., Japan

 

O3.17

  • Modified PES membranes to make it negative/positive groups and zwitterionic
  • Measured zeta potential as a function of solution pH
  • Used + and – PS beads
  • Without salts fouling as expected from electrostatic interactions
  • Added salts. There was an optimum for minimizing fouling 0.05 M.
  • Conclusions:
    • Electrostatic interactions can be dominant for highly charged surfaces w/o salts
    • Hydrophillicity alone cannot mitigate fouling
    • Zwitterionic sufraces , strong pH dependent, no general fouling reduction
    • Salt concentration and pH are highly influential
    • ‘Critical zeta potential’ that minimizes fouling.

O3.18

  • Built a real time membrane monitoring system for detecting mineral scale buildup in RO systems. DIC timelapse of crystal growth.
Tuesday, August 1st 2017, 10:40-12:20
Continental 7-9
Chair: Georges Belfort & Antoine Kemperman
10:40-11:05 [O3.21]
Influence of patterning and chemistry on membrane fouling by colloidal nanoparticles
A. Malakian*, L. Boateng, S. Sarupria, D. Ladner, S. Husson
Clemson University, USA
11:05-11:30 [O3.22]
Application of hydraulic impedance spectroscopy to investigate the accumulation of colloids in ultrafiltration membranes
M.C. Martí-Calatayud*1, M. Wessling1,2
1RWTH Aachen University, Germany, 2DWI Interactive Materials Research, Germany
11:30-11:55 [O3.23]
Micro-scale dynamics of oil droplets at a membrane surface: Deformation, reversibility and implications for fouling
G. Fux*, G.Z. Ramon
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
11:55-12:20 [O3.24]
Particle Image velocimetry (PIV): An important tool for understanding the fluid dynamics of magnetically responsive membranes
M. Jebur*, A. Sengupta, S.R. Wickramasinghe
University of Arkansas, USA

O3.21

  • Membrane pattering w/ silicon stamp nanopatterns 606 nm period between peaks, 190 nm groove depth 303 line width
  • Recirculating zones are expected and this helps fouling Earlier work with millimeter paterns – 1972 established this. Some controversy as to weather this would hold at nanoscale.
  • Silicon on particles as a foulant
  • Used silane to modify particles with controlled charge
  • Threshold flux “flux that at or below which a low and nearly constant rate of fouling occurs but above which the rate of fouling increases markedly.” (Field and Pearce, 2011) – depends on concentration, cross flow velocity, transmembrane pressure.
  • Effect of patterning on Threshold Flux. Does seem to support the hypothesis that patterning helps reduce fouling.

O3.22

  • Again threshold flux: 4 variables,
  • Can hold TMP constant and let flux decline or hold flux constant and what TMP rise
  • TMP transients with sine wave function?
  • Membrane deflection is a problem
  • Added rigid porous support
  • Can reverse accumulation but only partially – hysterisis
  • Conclusions:
    • Measure hydraulic impedance of membrane retention
    • Hysteresis in Nyquist plots indicate irreversible processes

O3.23

  • Using oil droplets to see the impact of permeate flux on fouling. Droplets spread on surface.
  • Spread at higher permeate flux rate.

O3.24

  • Self cleaning responsive surfaces
  • Stimuli-responsive membranes
Tuesday, August 1st 2017, 13:30-15:10
Continental 7-9
Chair: Xiao-Lin Wang & Miao Yu
13:30-13:55 [O2.25]
A study on sub- and superboundary operating conditions of a nanofiltration membrane system
M. Stoller1, J.M. Ochando Pulido2, R. Field*3
1University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy, 2University of Granada, Spain, 3University of Oxford, UK
13:55-14:20 [O2.26]
Non-destructive biofilm detection on reverse osmosis membrane measuring microbial respiration with fluorescence
Y. Yu*, J. Jung, J. Ryu, W. Song, M. Kweon, J. Kweon
Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
14:20-14:45 [O2.27]
Effect of surface roughness on membrane fouling for reverse osmosis applications
Z. Jiang*, S. Karan, A. Livingston
Imperial College London, UK
14:45-15:10 [O2.28]
Fouling behavior of silica nanoparticle-surfactant mixtures during constant flux dead-end ultrafiltration
K.W. Trzaskus1, S.L. Lee1, W.M. de Vos1, A.J.B. Kemperman*1, K. Nijmeijer1,2
1University of Twente, The Netherlands, 2Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

O2.25

  • More on critical flux, threshold flux etc.
  • These are different things but I walked in late

O2.27

  • Smooth surfaces foul less than rough surfaces
  • But initial flux was different
  • This group wants our membranes for high temperature work.
  • If membranes start with same initial flux, will have same flux decline regardless of surface roughness
  • Valley clogging effect predicts foulant clogs the valleys
  • But their data doesn’t match
  • Rough nanofilms crumple up from smooth ones

O2.28

  • Mentioned a commercial fluidic control system like the one we are proposing to make.
Tuesday, August 1st 2017, 15:40-17:20
Continental 7-9
Chair: Xiao-Lin Wang & Miao Yu
15:40-16:05 [O2.29]
Deoiling of saline emulsions: Understanding oil droplet behavior at the membrane surfaces
C.A. Hejase1, E.N. Tummons1, J.W. Chew2,3, A.G. Fane2,3, V.V. Tarabara*1
1Michigan State University, USA, 2Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 3Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, USA
16:05-16:30 [O2.30]
Flow-field mitigation of membrane fouling (FMMF) via manipulation of the convective flow in cross-flow membrane applications
F. Zamani, H.J. Tanudjaja, E. Akhondi, W.B. Krantz, A.G. Fane*, J.W. Chew
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
16:30-16:55 [O2.31]
Cleaning mechanism of CTA based Spiral-Wound Forward Osmosis (SWFO) membrane for wastewater reuse and seawater desalination hybrid system
S.J. Im*, A. Jang
SungKyungKwan University, Republic of Korea
16:55-17:20 [O2.32]
“Printed graphene membrane spacers”: Antibiofilm and antimicrobial properties of laser induced graphene
S.P. Singh1, Y. Li2, A. Be’er1, Y. Oren1, J.M. Tour2, C.J. Arnusch*1
1Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, 2Rice University, USA

 

 

 

 

 

O2.29

  • All these fouling studies uses flow system that look like ours – only larger
  • The top flow in our systems should be called ‘crossflow’ the transmbrane flow should be called permeate flow

O2.30

  • Control flow to manipulate foulant
  • Angles membrane on top of impermeable floor.
  • Creates a transverse (downward) flow vector to pull particle away from membrane surface and mitigate fouling
Iso-porous Membranes
Wednesday, August 2nd 2017, 08:30-10:10
Continental 1-3
Chair: Volker Abetz & Klaus-Viktor Peinemann
08:30-08:55 [O4.33]
Predicting permeability in nanotube membranes
D. Mattia
University of Bath, UK
08:55-09:20 [O4.34]
Membranes with ~1 nm pore size and excellent fouling resistance through zwitterionic copolymer self-assembly
A. Asatekin
Tufts University, USA
09:20-09:45 [O4.35]
Fabrication of hierarchical nanoporous poly(styrene) membrane from ordered block copolymer precursor
R.H. Shevate*, M. Kumar, C.G. Canlas, K.V. Peinemann
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia
09:45-10:10 [O4.36]
Isoporous block copolymer membranes – closer to commercial reality
J. Shethji*, C. Crock, J. Cho, S. Robbins, R. Dorin
Terapore Technologies, Inc.,, USA

 

 

 

 

 

O4.33

  • Cites a paper with himself as first author in JMS 2015 – contains a comparison chart with CNT and real membranes
  • Explains that the early hype of CNT membranes was indeed overdone for the reasons we always said – flow enhancement is not sufficient.
  • Has a paper in Microfluidics and Nanofluidics 2012 that develops a nice model for CNT membranes. More rigorous than what has come before.
  • This guy has taken the mantle from Hinds in this field because he isn’t focus on hype but on practical devices
  • Says there is hope for CNTs in RO and NF
  • Conclusions:
    • CNTs are hard to align – but these are scalable
    • thin film composite give scale but not alignment
    • Some company suggested they have overcome this but didn’t say how – every effort over 10 years has failed
    • Highest permeability is obtain using VA-NT and CNT-AAM membranes but need to be aligned
    • Has been able to explain performance by weak interaction between solid and fluid

O4.35

  • Says the thin isoporous materials are not scalable. Made by chemical etching
  • Need backing
  • SNIPS is the g0-go method PS-b-P4VP

O4.36

  • Terapore canceled at the last minute
  • Moderator said – They were supposed to tell us about up-scaling these monoporous structures. Perhaps up-scaling is not as easy as they thought!
Iso-porous Membranes
Wednesday, August 2nd 2017, 10:40-12:20
Continental 1-3
Chair: Volker Abetz & Klaus-Viktor Peinemann
10:40-11:05 [O4.37]
Improving separation performance of ultrafiltration membranes made via phase separation from solutions of standard polymers by inducing micellization of diblock copolymer additives
M. Ulbricht*, J. Meyer
Universität Duisburg-Essen, Germany
11:05-11:30 [O4.38]
Homoporous membranes with uniform, noncircular pore geometries by selective swelling of amphiphilic block copolymers
L.M. Guo, Y. Wang*
Nanjing Tech University, China
11:30-11:55 [O4.39]
Fabrication of inside-out isoporous hollow fiber membranes
K. Sankhala*1, J. Koll1, M. Radjabian1, U.A. Handge1, V. Abetz1,2
1Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany, 2University of Hamburg, Germany
11:55-12:20 [O4.40]
Polybenzoxazine: A facile material for building up porous materials for oil/water separation
Y-L. Liu*, C-T. Liu
National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan

 

O4.37

  • To improve on Zydney’s curve. Pore size more narrow is one way to improve.
  • Using NIPS
  • Differences between us and the rest of the membrane world: %rejection instead of %transmission, LMH/bar instead of cm/(min-bar)

O4.38

  • isoporous – circular pores vs homoporous – all the same but not necessarily round
  • Assembly of strands about 800 nm thick
  • Does it by swelling P2VP inside diblock copolymer isoporous structure. Swell extends along pore axis. Dry and does not recover.
  • Also did by stretching.
  • Porosity is in the 20% range.
  • Gravity driven ultrafiltration with 10000 LMH-bar – they claim. These are our permeabilities.
  • rejected 30 nm gold but pass 10 nm gold
  • 12 nm pores with 30% porosity
  • Yong Wang Acc. Chem Res 2016 49: 1401
  • Lots of questions on mechanical propoerties
  • The Chinese are upping their game in science.

 

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