Over the past year, our lab has been working in close collaboration with the Schwarz lab to design, develop, and manufacture microfluidic transwells for their P50 project. The project was initiated after the discovery of S. aureus migration through sub-micron canaliculi in vivo. To further explore the genes involved in this newly proposed mechanism of immune system evasion, the Schwarz group collaborated with our lab to hand build transwell devices that would allow them to mimic the confined geometries of the canaliculi. After the initial experiments involving strictly wt staph, candidate mutants were developed and are now in the process of being tested. In order to facilitate faster biological experiments, we contracted out Aline Inc, a microfluidic company based out of southern California, to build these transwell devices in large batches.
Design Stages
Figure 1. First formal Aline design. Bonding area was suited for three slot 0.5 um SiO2 format chips. The six-plex design was implemented to facilitate multiplexed experiments in an easy to handle format.Figure 2. Membrane failure during production highlighted a potential problem with the high number multiplexed design: if one membrane fails, the whole ‘device’ is not suitable for delivery. It was also harder to handle the six-plex devices then expected at this stage. For these reasons the design was changed to fit a three-plex need.Figure 3. High fluid resistance through the bottom channel, coupled with tiny access ports, made it near impossible to load the bottom channel of these devices. The bottom channel and access ports were both increased in size to adjust for these issues.
Figure 4. The discovery of potential leaks in the system lead to the shrinking of the sealing layer. This final design was easier to load through the bottom channel and was leak tested to confirm nice bonding.Figure 5. Leak testing confirmed firm bonding of the sealing layer to the Si chip.
Membrane Design
Due to concerns over the available three slot bonding area, two slot chips were designed. This design maintains high membrane area, while increasing bonding area.
Figure 6. 2-slot membrane format.Figure 7. Since completion of the design, we have been able to integrate a variety of membrane formats. The yields from these builds will help guide our future production runs.
Last week we attempted to mimic our standard CVC recipe in the AJA system (15 nm Si, 450 C deposition temp, 1000 C RTP). I should note that the protective oxide thickness in the AJA membrane was 20 nm (not 40 nm as it was in the CVC). Below are two images comparing the AJA…
In Nottingham this summer, I attempted to use a Makerbot2 printer to create culture devices for SEPCON chips. I had varying degrees of success, but I was not able to get a good seal between the PLA and gaskets using only machined grooves. This would have limited our ability to do TEER and other 2-chamber…
Before Anant left for India, we were doing cell adhesion studies with pnc-Si transwells and getting some weird morphologies. Check it out here, here, here, here, here. This is in contrast with the 2D studies that Anant did for the cell culture paper in which cell adhesion looked good. The main difference is the transwell…
I dug out some of my old data and found this comparison for 3x and 6x window flow rates at different voltages (minimal repeats, error bars not included): This shows that as voltage goes up, the flow rate increases for each of the active areas shown here. Obviously if we were to publish this we’d…
We know: W683 has no visible pores, W685 has usual porosity, and the recent Wafer 747 is ridden with pinholes. I wanted to test this new wafer for discoloration in comparison to the other two and got the expected result. In the figure below, there are two sets of images of same samples taken at…
Diffusion based separation theory uses a hindrance model to explain how the pores affect the diffusion of molecules of different sizes. The simplest and most well known hindrance model is given by the Renkin Equation: where Dm is the diffusion coefficient within the membrane, D0 the free diffusion coefficient, and α the ratio of molecule…